Capital Structure Effect on Performance in Renewable Energy

Capital Structure Effect on Performance in Renewable Energy Sarah Sophia Hamdi â€Å"Capital Structure Effects on Firm Performance in the Renewable Energy Sector: Evidence from Germany† 1. Clarification of your thesis subject (around 800 words) Generally inspiration and goals: The Kyoto Protocol instigated a developing number of nations to build up focuses for sustainable power source supplies to lessen ozone harming substance outflows just as to expand vitality security. These objectives are either communicated as far as introduced limit or as a level of vitality utilization. These objectives have filled in as significant impetuses for expanding the portion of sustainable power source all through the world. Because of the developing portion of vitality produced from inexhaustible sources, for example, wind, water and biomass Germany’s vitality flexibly is turning out to be â€Å"greener† from year to year. As appeared in diagram 1 out of 2014 renewables as of now represented 25.8 percent of the gross force creation in Germany. On 1 April 2000 the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) went into power and lead to a gigantic increment of the sustainable power source creation in the power area, from under 40 to more than 140 billion of kilowatt for each hours (see diagram 2). Diagram 1: Gross force creation in Germany in 2014 Source: AG Energiebilanzen, as of: December 2014 Diagram 2: Gross power age in billions of kilowatt-hours Source: BMWi dependent on Working Group on Renewable Energies Statistics (AGEE-Stat, August 2014; Preliminary figures) The German government needs to additionally grow this offer continuously 2025, the point is to deliver 40 to 45 percent of power from sustainable sources and 55 to 60 percent constantly 2035. These numbers demonstrate that sustainable power source organizations progressively need to contend productively against existing organizations creating vitality through other force sources, for example, oil, atomic and hard coal vitality and so forth. As interests in sustainable power source plants develop, so do the dangers intrinsic in possessing, building and working such plants. Barring obligation, business chance is the fundamental danger of firms tasks and one of the variables that impact a companys capital-structure dynamic. The degree of business hazard is formed by the companies’ choices as well as by whats happening to the business and the economy. The sustainable power source industry is affected by various segment explicit dangers, for example, building and testing hazard, business, natural, budgetary, advertise, operational, political/administrative and climate related volume chance. In such a hazardous industry, what in any case would be a proper and safe measure of obligation turns out to be increasingly risky and insecure, so that ordinarily value financing is more secure than through obligation. Anyway firms that are in the development phase of their cycle regularly account that procedure through obligation and get cash to empower their development. The contention that emerges with this technique is that the incomes of development firms are normally shaky and problematic. Implying that a high obligation load is normally not suitable because of the risk of budgetary humiliations. Subsequently as organizations extend their interests in sustainable power source ventures, subsidizing is a specific test and inquiries regarding firms’ capital structure choices are not effortlessly replied. Hypothetical foundation: In the course of the most recent couple of decades much exploration has been done on whether a connection between capital structure and an organizations budgetary execution exists. Now I might want to incorporate a point by point writing survey. Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller framed with their hypothesis the establishment for present day thinking on capital structure. They built up the Capital Structure Irrelevance Proposition where they conjectured that in immaculate markets the capital structure of a firm doesn't impact its exhibition. All things considered the hypothesis is by and large saw as an exceptionally hypothetical theory, since it ignores significant factors, for example, exchange expenses and vulnerability, it was frequently utilized as the reason for additional exploration in the most recent decades. The hierarchy hypothesis, the organization hypothesis and the exchange off hypothesis are the three fundamental speculations examining the ideal capital structure of a firm. Every one of them follow various methodologies which I will sum up and appear differently in relation to one another. The various speculations and discoveries bring up key issues, for example, regardless of whether it is conceivable to recognize an ideal capital structure for firms working in the significant and future-arranged industry of sustainable power sources. Exploration examination and technique: Following to the presentation of the key speculations and the writing survey on this point I might want to do my own quantitative examination and run a relapse investigation with monetary information of 20 organizations working in the sustainable power source division, including wind, sun oriented, bio and water vitality in Germany. Because of the way that non-recorded firms are not required to unveil their monetary records my information will be picked up from recorded organizations that are committed to share the pertinent data. I might want to inspect whether there exists a connection between the actualized capital structure and the organizations execution estimated in kind on value and offer cost. Conditions: (1) (2) Where: return on value for firm I in year t. : cost of an offer for firm I at year t. : money related influence for firm I at year t .: unmistakable resources for firm I at year t. : size of the firm I at year t. : development of the firm I at year t. Unmistakable resources, size and development fill in as control factors though money related influence of the firm is considered as the fundamental variable to communicate the capital structure. My point is to have the option to coordinate one of the three speculations and to distinguish an ideal capital structure for sustainable power source firms. So as to decipher the discoveries of the quantitative examination I might likewise want to incorporate an integral subjective exploration investigation for instance through directors’ explanations on their financing choices. 2. Rundown of References (no base number required, yet as worthy by your director) Agnihotri, A. (2014): Impact of Strategy Capital Structure on Firms by and large Financial Performance, Strategic Change, Vol. 23, No. 1-2, pp. 15-20. Ben Ayed, W. H., and Zouari, S. G. (2014): Capital Structure and Financing of SMEs: The Tunisian Case. Global Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 96-111. Bouraoui, T., and Li, T. (2014): The Impact of Adjustment in Capital Structure in Mergers Acquisitions on us Acquirers’ Business Performance. The Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 27-41. Business analyst Intelligence Unit (2011): Managing the hazard in sustainable power source. A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit Sponsored by Swiss Re. record://C:/Users/Sarah/Downloads/Managing-The-Risk-In-Renewable-Energy.pdf Gill, A. furthermore, Biger, N. what's more, Mathur, N. (2011): The Effect of Capital Structure on Profitability: Evidence from the United States. Universal Journal of Management, Vol. 28, No.4, pp. 3-. Green, J. (2010): Renewable vitality ventures: Risk and protection components. Specialized component †Construction Engineering, www.meinsurancereview.com, pp. 41-42. Hatfield, G. B. furthermore, Louis, T. W. also, Davidson, W. N. (1994): The assurance of ideal capital structure: The impact of firm and industry obligation proportions on advertise esteem. Diary of Financial and Strategic Decisions, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 1-14. Holz, C. A. (2002): The Impact of the Liability-Asset Ratio on Profitability in Chinas Industrial State-Owned Enterprises. China Economic Review, Vol. 13, pp. 1-26. Majumdar, S. K. furthermore, Chhibber, P. (1999): Capital Structure and Performance: Evidence from a Transition Economy on an Aspect of Corporate Governance. Open Choice, Vol. 98, pp. 287-305. Margaritis, D., and Psillaki, M. (2007): Capital structure and firm proficiency, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol. 34, No. 9, pp. 1447-1469. Modigliani, F. furthermore, Miller, M. (1958): The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and The Theory of Investment, The American Economic Review, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 261-97. Modigliani, F. furthermore, Miller, M. (1963): Corporate Income Taxes and the Cost of Capital: a Correction. The American Economic Review, Vol. 53, pp. 443-53. Myers, S. (1984): Capital structure puzzle, The Journal of Finance, Vol. 39, Issue 3, pp. 574â€592. Omondi, M. M., and Muturi, W. (2013): Factors Affecting the Financial Performance of Listed Companies at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. Examination Journal of Finance and Accounting, Vol. 4, No. 15, pp. 99-105. Onaolapo, A. furthermore, Kajola,O. (2010): Capital Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Nigeria. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 25, pp. 70-82. Pathirawasam, C. (2013): Internal Factors which Determine Financial Performance of firms: With Special Reference to Ownership Concentration. pp. 62-72. Rajan, R. G., and Zingales, L. (1995): What Do We Know about Capital Structure? Some Evidence from International Data. The Journal of Finance, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 1421â€1460. Shyam-Sunder, L. furthermore, Myers, C. (1999): Testing static exchange off against hierarchy models of capital structure. Diary of Financial Economics, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 219â€244. Soumadi, M. what's more, Hayajneh, O. (2012): Capital structure and corporate execution, Empirical investigation on the open Jordanian shareholding firms recorded in the Amman securities exchange. European Scientific Journal, Vol. 8, No. 22, pp. 173-189. Stiglitz, J. E. (1969): A Re-Examination of the Modigliani-Miller Theorem. American Economic Review, Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 784-794. Tailab, M. M. K. (2014): The Effect of Capital Structure on Profitability of Energy American Firms. Diary of Business and Management Invention, Vol. 3, No. 12, pp. 54-61. Titman, S. (1988): The Determinants of Capital Structure Choice. The Journal of Finance, Vol.

Elderly Person :: History

Old Person Chang Sing Lok, likewise know as Uncle Lok is renowned for his mouth watering â€Å"Chau Kuey Teows† which is a sort of seared noodles. He is very notable in Taman University, Petaling Jaya for his choice dish. He was conceived on March 23, 1926 at ShenYang, eastern China and he was raised there until the age of 9. He is the most youthful of the six youngsters in the family and that is the reason his folks named his last name as Lok, which implies six in Cantonese. He is from a poor family. His dad was a cook and his mom was a house cleaner. The two guardians served a rich family in ShenYang. He was raised in a town and he spent his early stages sustained by the modest, customary estimations of Chinese town life. He lived with his family in a run of the mill wooden house and the completely clear water of the stream close by his home was made his play area. As years passed, the World War II happened. The Japanese armed force attacked a large portion of the eastern piece of China. Around then, the greater part of the residents of China had moved to different nations since they couldn't endure the hardness of life in China. Chang Sing Lok had additionally chosen to move to ‘Tanah Melayu’. So he came to ‘Tanah Melayu’ with around a hundred of others Chinese who had chosen to relocate to ‘Tanah Melayu’ too by an extremely old style transport. From the outset, life was not generally excellent and not steady since he had not land any position. It was on the grounds that there are excesses of work sources in ‘Tanah Melayu’ around then. Moreover, he was additionally unreasonably youthful for any overwhelming activity. At long last, he found a new line of work at a Chinese café as a more clean. He helped the business to cleanup the whole eatery just as washing all the plates. It was there he previously began picking up information on cooking. Around then, he had a negative mentality towards the past, as he had experienced loads of challenges and battled his way through World War II, where he had lost his family, companions and property. Be that as it may, he had a progressively uplifting demeanor towards what's to come. As per him, future is the progression of the present and on the off chance that he prevails in his current life, he accepted that the future would be better for him just as his family.

Organizational culture and employee morale - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Organizational culture and worker spirit. Answer: Presentation Change for the most part alludes to the procedure that causes a capacity or a training or even a thing to turn out to be to some degree distinctive in way than the present or the past ways. Change is a typical term that is utilized to depict the results or the impacts of the change or the progress of some capacity, thing or even strategies (Hornstein 2015). Changes structure a significant piece of the regular day to day existence and structures a piece of the normal lifestyle. So as to deal with the concerned business on an effective way, associations need to execute different changes at the various purposes of time during their tasks (Burke 2017). Change the executives for the most part alludes to the orders that manages the readiness, gear and the help that is reached out to the people to push them to effectively embrace the progressions in order to infer the authoritative results and victories (Langley et al 2013). The idea of progress the board alludes to the changes in the conce rned business association that are in consistence with the changing patterns of the business condition which may enable the concerned business to firm to develop just as accomplish the objectives that have been set by the worry (Hayes 2014). There have been various models of progress the board that have been created by the scholars so as to help the administrative staff to actualize the adjustments in the concerned association in a successful way. In the cases that include the monetary foundations, for example, banks, the execution of changes become an additional obligation regarding the chiefs and different pioneers pf the association because of the high measure of the connection that these associations have with the overall population. Scholars like Bridges, McKinsey, Kotter, Kubler-Ross, Lewin and numerous such others have advanced certain models that discover application in the issues relating to the change the board till date (Shirey 2013; Worley and Mohrman 2014). The accompanying report focusses its consideration on the common issues that are looked by theAustralia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, famously known as the ANZ Bank and applies the 7S model proposed by McKinsey for the distinguishing proof of the potential explanations behind the equivalent. The report further continues to break down the issues that have emerged inside the worry and makes an endeavor for giving motivations to the issues with the assistance of the proposed change the executives hypotheses. ANZ Bank The Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, prominently known as the ANZ Bank, is one of the five best banks that have been working in the nation of Australia. The bank had set its underlying strides in the business just about 170 years back when it had originated from the Bank of Australasia (Anz.com 2018). The Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, prominently known as the ANZ Bank is at present headquartered at Melbourne, Australia. In the present situation of the money related market, the bank involves a staffing pool of just about 35000 representatives and has been a freely recorded association. The association further bears the situation of being one of the most trusted among all banks that work everywhere throughout the world. ANZ Bank has made sure about the position of 92 on the Forbes rundown of 2000 according to May 2017 market top report (Forbes.com 2018). The budgetary association intends to serve the enormous client base comprising of around 6,000,000 individuals of the number of inhabitants on the planet. The quantity of investors of the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited is practically more than 376813. The concerned monetary association keeps on serving its customers in more than 30 distinct nations everywhere throughout the world (Anz.com 2018). The administrations gave by the bank are known to significantly work more than five significant divisions that are comprehensive of New Zealand, Australia, the Asia-Pacific region, the mutual and the institutional administrations. It may be noticed that the concerned budgetary association, the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, prominently known as the ANZ Bank, has been confronting a gigantic number if issues since the origin of the equivalent. The money related establishment has experienced various changes in the authoritative structure and the concerned divis ions so as to make the vital enhancements in the exhibition of the bank. Assessment of the highlights of Organizational change at ANZ Bank. As per De Grauwe (2013) and Mesnard et al. (2016), the significant potential dangers that are presented to the money related associations are the low resolve of the representatives and the terrible obligations. The organization in conversation, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, prevalently known as the ANZ Bank, has been experiencing a few issues relating to the poor hierarchical exercises, disappointment of the concerned clients, the low confidence of the concerned workers and the terrible obligations that they had been looking until the center portion of the 1990s. The significant banks of Australia had confronted a circumstance during the later long periods of the multi decade which had prompted an across the board malevolence and doubt among the clients. The bank had selected Jon McFarlane as the CEO during the late 1990s after the states of horrible showing that had been conveyed by the concerned bank. There had been events of augmentation of the charges and the branch terminations that had occurred everywhere throughout the nation. This had driven the customers of the concerned monetary associations to have faith in the way that the banks were not serving the customers, the representatives or the networks in a fitting way (Thompson 2013). The then CEO of ANZ Bank, McFarlane had profoundly condemned the move of the monetary associations that managed the conclusion of the parts of the banks in the rustic regions. McFarlane presented a stop on the conclusion of the rustic parts of the bank. McFarlane additionally made an endeavor to guarantee the addressal of the issues that related to the absence of female workers in the senior positions of the concerned monetary association (Munjuri and Maina 2013). This had helped in the improvement of the assorted variety that exists inside the association and has additionally helped in furnishing the workers with the genuinely necessary inspirat ion. McFarlane had been one of the first among his peers to have taken the idea of corporate social obligation in an intense way. The then CEO of the association had presented redistributing of various administrations that may have prompted the serious cost cutting with respect to the bank. The money related association had made its fundamental strides towards the change in a situation relating to the associations in the year 2000. There were various disclosures in regards to the disparities that were seen as existing among the individual estimations of the representatives of the concerned budgetary association and their observations with respect to the equivalent. The disclosures additionally set forth a portion of the issues that related to the arrangement of qualities that were advanced just as drilled by the bank. The ongoing investigations have illuminated the issues that the budgetary association had been confronting in regards to the accounts that the bank had been getting so as to give credits to the concerned customers of the association (Kwambai and Wandera 2013). The idea of the value showcase just as the gave obligation had been unpredictable. This had driven the concerned customers to set up a control in the issues identified with the consumption which thus ly had prompted the disintegration of the certainty that the individuals expected to put on the banks. As indicated by Ogechukwu (2013), the penetrate of the moral set of principles may posture to be a major issue inside any industry that may be clubbed under the financial business. The budgetary organization in conversation, the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, prevalently known as the ANZ Bank, had a few duties towards the dependable practices in the concerned field of business. ANZ Bank had confronted an issue in 2008 which constrained them to transform these duties into corporate real factors in their segment of business (Graetz et al 2010). The money related foundation likewise confronted an issue that managed the acquiescence of the staff, who, as indicated by a report, distributed inside, had been engaged with a broking house which had tasted disappointment in the tasks that it had embraced. The report expressed that the distinguished representatives had penet rated the security code of the bank by including themselves with the in advance of referenced broking concern. He report additionally expressed that the concerned workers held records in a way that may be viewed as inappropriate. The future objectives that are set by the money related organization in conversation is to achieve a noteworthy development within the sight of the equivalent significantly in the Asia-Pacific territory. The bank additionally points the upkeep of the chances and the business condition that it holds in the nations of Australia and New Zealand. Difficulties looked by the directors in the execution of the changes. On account of the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, prominently known as the ANZ Bank, the adjustment in the structure was important because of the issues that the monetary association was confronting dependent on the disappointed clients of the worry and the low resolve of the current representatives of the bank in the mid 1990s. The money related association delegated John McFarlane as the new CEO of the organization in the year 1997 which set the necessary changes moving according to the order. The organization had been stuffed with pointless staff which brought about the hampering of the hierarchical administration and consequently prompted the lackluster showing of the concerned money related establishment. This issue the organization had been confronting had its underlying foundations in the poor authoritative structure of the bank. McFarlane, on assuming responsibility for the duties of the

Where to Buy a Research Paper Online

Where to Buy a Research Paper OnlineIf you're wondering where to buy a research paper online, then I'm here to tell you that there are plenty of ways you can find it. You just have to be smart in picking the right place for your needs.Knowledge is power and knowing where to buy a research paper online can be extremely useful in gaining new knowledge, or just for information gathering. It might not seem like much, but the secret to any success is knowledge. Knowing where to buy a research paper online means that you'll have the information you need to stay on top of the industry, and that is powerful stuff.Not only that, but you can also purchase a research paper online and have it delivered right to your door. That's perfect for those days when you want to keep tabs on a certain topic, but you don't have time to travel to a library to get information. In that case, just book a room at the library for a few hours, and then you'll have all the information you need to continue your rese arch.Researching for a new job? Want to find out which companies are hiring in your area? Keep yourself updated with all the latest news, or just check in with the company at a social gathering.If you're just researching for your own purposes, or if you're just simply curious about a topic, then online research is essential to you. All the things you need to know are already available right at your fingertips, and all you have to do is be wise enough to choose the right place for your needs.You can purchase research paper online in just a few clicks, and you'll never again need to go to an expensive library to get the information you need. Simply open up your favorite search engine, enter 'research paper online' and see what pops up.If you're interested in researching something, or if you simply want the information you need, then purchasing a research paper online is a great idea. No matter what your current job is, or how much knowledge you already have, you should always seek out new information that will help you become a better researcher. But before you jump into something, make sure you know where to buy a research paper online, so you don't waste your money.

Wife of Bath Vs The Prioress - 1222 Words

Canterbury Tales is a story about a group of thirty people, including the Host, that are traveling to the shrine of the martyr St. Thomas a Becket in Canterbury. The diverse group is a concoction of contradicting personalities that are intricately described by Chaucer. Among these twenty-nine excursionists are two women. One of them is the coquettish Prioress while the other one is the partially deaf Wife at Bath. Although both women possess discernable similarities, both possess divergent personalities and experiences. The Prioress, known as Madam Eglantyne, has an elegant nose, a Lilliputian, soft, and red mouth, a big-forehead, and a glass gray mouth. She wears a cloak, a set of beads, and a broche that reads, â€Å"Love conquers†¦show more content†¦They had no right to own land or voice their opinions. The Prioress and the Wife at Bath are both examples of what women in society were not. The Prioress had no right to own land, yet she still found a loophole t o maintain her estates by having the monk manage them. The Wife at Bath is outspoken, a quality that women were not supposed to possess. She spoke her mind out knows how to defend herself well. However, there is a deviation in each the Prioress and Wife at Bath’s experiences. The Prioress represents a model of a â€Å"religious† person. She possesses good table manners and pretended to be rich. The Prioress also spoke a lower form of French. This indicates that she is educated. On the other hand, the Wife at Bath has had different life experiences that have molded her to become the women that she is in the story. The Wife at Bath has traveled to other pilgrimages throughout the Middle East. She has also had five different husbands, meaning she has had a heavy sexual experience, unlike the Prioress. The prologues of each character vary as well. Before the Prioress starts her story, she praises God and the Virgin Mary. Since her story is about the Virgin Ma ry, she glorifies the Virgin’s power, magnificence, and humility. She also implores God to help her narrate the story properly to tell of God’s reverence. On the other hand, the Wife at Bath justifies herself for theShow MoreRelatedThe Prioress vs. the Wife of Bath2297 Words   |  10 Pagesmedieval society are the Wife of Bath and the Prioress. Through both the Wife of Baths Tale and the Prioresss Tale, Chaucer articulates his opinionated views of the etiquette and conduct of women in the 14th century. By examining both the Wife of Bath and the Prioresss tales, we are able to see the stark contrast between their social standards and demeanors. Chaucers description of the two characters clearly depicts the Prioress as a better woman than the Wife of Bath according to 14th CenturyRead More Canterbury Tales Essay - Sexuality in The Wife of Bath and the Pardoner1711 Words   |  7 PagesSexuality in The Wife of Bath and the Pardoner In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, an eclectic mix of people gathers together at Tabard Inn to begin a pilgrimage to Canterbury. In the General Prologue, the readers are introduced to each of these characters. Among the pilgrims are the provocative Wife of Bath and the meek Pardoner. These two characters both demonstrate sexuality, in very different ways. Chaucer uses the Wife and the Pardoner to examine sexuality in the medieval periodRead More Contradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay3897 Words   |  16 PagesContradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales There is no question that contradictory values make up a major component of The Canterbury Tales. Fate vs. Fortuna, knowledge vs. experience and love vs. hate all embody Chaucers famous work. These contrasting themes are an integral part of the complexity and sophistication of the book, as they provide for an ironic dichotomy to the creative plot development and undermine the superficial assumptions that might be made. The combination of completely

Human Rights Of Pakistan And Pakistan Essay - 1524 Words

NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER ROLL NO: SP16-BSE-015 SUBMITTED To: Mr.Babar Farooq Dated: December 29, 2016 Subject: Pakistan Studies Human Rights in Pakistan Introduction: Human Rights refers to those rights of a person that are inalienable and that are appointed to him by the virtue of being temperament’s somebody’s} personality. These rights are universal and are supported the inherent dignity of groups of people. There rights are thought-about to be in particular the national or legal thought of world and are same for all groups of people no matter their category creed or color. The spirit of the construct of human rights within the up to date sense is that the belief within the sanctity of human temperament. This sanctity is meant to be universal and absolute at ideal and abstract levels a minimum of. It has some consequences that mean that certain selections ought to be created for all groups of people and certain selections ought to be rejected for all groups of people. It refers to human dignity as something that ought to be revered in its title. Human rights refers to a number of the essential rig hts of individual as of life, freedom from slavery, poverty, oppression, of choice, expression and assemblyShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights in Pakistan6749 Words   |  27 PagesAssignment title Human Rights ---- Children rights prepared by madiha abbas INTRODUCTION Maybe were all born knowing we have rights - we just need to be reminded† --- Romanian HRE trainer Human Rights can be defined as those basic standards without which people cannot live in dignity as human beings. Human rights are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace. Their respect allows the individual and the community to fully develop. They are rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitledRead MoreList of Important Topics for Essays1583 Words   |  7 Pagesformatted. 01. Dilemma of the water and energy crisis in Pakistan (2003) 02. Art critics and reviewers (2003) 03. Alleviation of poverty (2005) 04. Persecuted poor women (2005) 05. Foreign direct investment (F.D.I) in Pakistan (2006) 06. Global warming (2006) 07. Personalization of Pakistani politics (2006) 08. Formal and casual dressing codes (2003) 09. Liberalism (2006) 10. Existentialism (2003) 11. Socio-economic challenges faced by Pakistan (2005) 12. Islam versus the west (2005) 13. InternationalRead MoreLife and Pakistan1121 Words   |  5 PagesPakistan displays some of Asia’s most magnificent landscapes as it stretches from the Arabian Sea, its southern border, to some of the world’s most spectacular mountain ranges in the north. Pakistan is also home to sites that date back to word’s earliest settlements rivaling those of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia . When Pakistan emerged on the map of the world as a sovereign and independent state in August 1947, it was like a baby in ICU with hardly any prospect of survival, on account of its extremelyRead MoreThe Importance Of Group Rights On Individual Rights1558 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it comes to group rights in relation to individual rights, individual rights should encompass minority rights. The first question that this essay will focus on is the one asking â€Å"How important are group rights in relation to individual rights?† Let’s say that a group of people are writing a constitution and listing out individual rights for people, kind of like the United States bill of rights. If they encompass what minority groups usually want, then there is no reason to think one is moreRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesdeclared violence against women both a public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violence against women is of many types and has many faces. Also called Gender-based violence, public health experts around the world have called it the â€Å"Hidden Epidemic†. (ref) Violence against women is an age-old practice but it was only in the last decade of the 20th century that it got recognition as a serious human rights issue. Violence is broadly classified into two categories: Social violence thatRead MoreIndia s Issue Of Kashmir1558 Words   |  7 Pageswith Pakistan regarding Kashmir’s issue. On the contrary, resolution does not come through military action. According to India, if India is ready to establish Kashmir as a democratic province with all the privileges of an autonomous, there is no guarantee to Kashmir will be under the Indian union. Because there are lots of terrorist groups are fighting against India. Pakistan is supporting them by providing materials as well as financial backing (Schofield, V. 2000). The war between Pakistan andRead MoreWomens Right to Vote Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesWomen’s right to voting Right from the Preamble of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948), the â€Å"equal rights of women and men† are mentioned, together with the fundamental human rights, to be reaffirmed by the UN’s member states to form the background for the demonstration of the Declaration (Universal Declaration on Human Rights, 1948). The history of women’s rights can be traced back to the Babylonian law-code (the Code of Hammurabi, ca. 1780 BC) , and then one of the first legally documentedRead MoreChild Labor During A Nike Factory1666 Words   |  7 PagesCHILD LABOR IN A NIKE FACTORY IN PAKISTAN Abstract This paper especially focuses on the problem of Child Labor in Pakistan with respect to the case of the world-renowned sports brand Nike and its use of children in its factories in Pakistan. A set of laws that can be established to eradicate this evil from Pakistan have been elaborated upon in the paper, these proposals include the Trafficking Victim Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA), the International Human Right Treaty by the General AssemblyRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1659 Words   |  7 Pageswomen, the women’s rights movement in Pakistan has just begun. People are starting to protest against discriminations that women face in their daily lives that disable them from having a voice in society. Some of these discriminations involve men being able to divorce their wives without her consent, women’s voices having half the weight of a man’s in court, and female heirs inheriting less money or property than a male heir (â€Å"Sharia†, 9). Gr oups like the Pakistani Women’s Rights Organization areRead MoreIndia And Pakist An Ideal Comparative Pair Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1947, India and Pakistan became newly independent states, leaving behind British colonial rule. Due to the shared geographical location, background and culture between these nations, these two countries have often been compared against each other. However, since earning independence, India and Pakistan have undergone significantly different political trajectories. This paper will explore various factors that have impacted the nation-building of these countries and understand why India has been

Vital Signs Assessment And IV Cannula Assessment In Nursing Care

Question: Discuss about the Vital Signs Assessment And IV Cannula Assessment. Answer: Priority nursing assessments to determine Johns nursing care During nursing care, the followingnursing assessments should be conducted on John; wound assessment, vital signs assessment, and IV cannula assessment(Ginger, 2016). After receiving Johns report from the ward nurse the first thing to do is to assess the IV cannula site, for signs of infections, because it is an artificial opening into the blood system that can easily carry infections if not used aseptically(Davidson, 2016), also inspect it for patency to determine if he needs a new one or not and assess how long it has stayed in situ, because the longer it has stayed the higher the chances of getting an infection. Johns vital signs that is blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature, pulse rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation rate, pain score, alertness, and urinary output should be given priority during assessment, because they are the earliest indicators of an infection and how well the physiologic processes are taking place, they should always be within the normal range. Wound as sessment is another priority assessment; the wound is assessed for signs of infection and exudation because they indicate the healing process. Necessity for nursing care John requires totalnursing care because he has cellulitis and bacterial infection from the wound. He is on Intravenous medication with gentamycin which should be monitored carefully due to nephrotoxicity and the wound should be monitored as it heals to minimize complications. He also has a history of chronic anxiety, which should be monitored, because it can recur due to bacterial infection, cellulitis and hospitalization. Consequences of incomplete assessment Incomplete assessment can lead to complications of the infection, incomplete wound healing and development of acute tubular necrosis due to gentamycin which is a nephrotoxic agent. Explain why was John prescribed Gentamycin 300mg IV TDS and Ibuprofen 400mg oral TDS Gentamycin was prescribed to John because it is a broad spectrum antibiotic and its active against most gram negative organisms including Proteus species, Pseudomonas which can result to nosocomial infections. Gentamycin is enough to cover John for the bacterial infection, cellulitis and is a prophylactic against pseudomonas which can result to a nosocomial bacterial infection leading to complications. It is administered through IV because it will be highly effective through that route of administration(M, 2016). Ibuprofen is prescribed because it is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used for treating pain fever and inflammation. John will be experiencing pain due to the wound, fever due to the bacterial infection and inflammation as a result of the wound and the body healing mechanism. Ibuprofen will be used to minimize the effects of inflammation, which are pain, fever and tenderness(Reed, 2017). Identify and explain nursing responsibilities associated with administration Of these medications The nurses responsibility is to ensure adherence and assess for effectiveness of the medication and their side effects. Gentamycin is associated with nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity among other side effects such as nerve damage, low blood count allergic responses and neuromuscular problems. The nurse should assess the patient for signs of adverse reaction, through physical assessment, urinary output and urine analysis. Ibuprofen has the following adverse effects pruritus, bronchospasms, constipation, dyspepsia, and diarrhea, increased risk of liver failure heart failure and kidney failure and gastrointestinal bleeding and high blood pressure. The nurse should be on the look-out for these effects through physical assessment andnursing assessment of the patients condition daily. The nurse has to note that kidney failure and nephrotoxicity are side effects of both medications and they can superimpose on each other worsening the condition; therefore frequent urine analysis and urinary output is vital to monitor the patency of the renal system. Nursing assessment on deterioration Due to the deteriorating state of the client expressed by increased heart rate, increased systolic blood pressure, an increased respiratory rate and a slightly reduced body temperature indicates side effects of the medication, additional assessments that the nurse should do perform are urinary output and urine analysis to assess the kidney function in-case of adverse effects of the medications and perform a hearing assessment to isolate the extensiveness of the adverse effects. Also perform a wound assessment and IV cannula site assessment, to assess for any sign of infection from the outside. My conclusions from the signs and symptoms would be an adverse reaction from the medication or an infection from either the wound site or the IV cannula site. Maybe the IV cannula had overstayed and the client has sustained and infection which can result to the increased heart rate and respiratory rate, and worsened by the medications. Another conclusion can be an anxiety attack, because John has a history of chronic anxiety, which can be worsened by the disease process. Nursing interventions The patient should be assisted back the bed and propped up to aid in respiration(Butcher, 2018). Also give diazepam to manage anxiety that might occur as a result of the disease process or the medication interaction leading to physiologic changes, and take a swab of the wound for laboratory diagnosis to isolate any cause of infection(Sherwood, 2017). Also monitor the urinary output and urine analysis for renal functions. Document all of the procedures done to the patient in the patient file(Kerr, 2013). John condition could be prevented if someone was with him during the30 minutes when the medication was running, to evaluate his response to the medication and any other factors that could have worsened his anxiety, also someone should have assessed the IV cannula site for patency. Patient education during discharge planning On discharge educate the patient on the importance of adherence to medication both the antibiotics and anxiolytics and daily wound dressing to prevent the wound from becoming septic and to encourage healing. Emphasize on the importance of bed rest, to allow the wound to heal and teach on signs and symptoms of anxiety and how to avoid the triggering factors. Finally tell the patient that they can get information from the hospital website. On discharge counsel the patient on lifestyle modification, with a low-sodium diet because of the side effects of medication(Peter, 2015). Bibliography Butcher, H. (2018). Nursing Interventions classification (NIC)-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Davidson, M. (2016). Teaching aseptic techniqueApplying the basics. Infection, Disease Health, 21(3), 139. Ginger, J. (2016). Transcultural Nursing-E-Book: Assessment and Intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kerr, D. (2013). Bedside handover enhances completion of nursing care and documentation. Journal of nursing care quality, 28(3), 217-225. M, A. (2016, May). Topical application of intra-sternal Vancomycin and subcutaneous Gentamycin significantly reduces deep sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery. In WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT, 28. Peter, D. (2015). Reducing readmissions using teach-back: enhancing patient and family education. Reducing readmissions using teach-back: enhancing patient and family education., 45(1), 35-42. Reed, G. (2017). Effect of Aspirin on the Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal, and Renal Safety of Celecoxib, Naproxen, or Ibuprofen. Sherwood, G. (2017). Quality and safety in nursing: A competency approach to improving outcomes. John Wiley Sons.

Subsidary Ledgers and Special Journals Essay Example For Students

Subsidary Ledgers and Special Journals Essay There are four different special journals which includes sales journal, cash receipts journal, purchases journal, and cash payments journal which have advantages. The sales journal saves time with the one line entry for each sale and reduces errors. You would use this when you do a credit sale. The cash receipts journal provides daily and weekly information about cash balances. You would use this when you sell merchandise for cash. The purchases journal records a single type of frequently recurring transaction. You would use this when a purchase is made. The cash payments journal is a record of all payments that have been made from a company’s bank account. You would use this when a company makes a payment from their account. A subsidiary ledger is a group of accounts with a common characteristic. Its purpose is to free the general ledger from the details of the individual balances. It is an addition to, and an expansion of, the general ledger. We will write a custom essay on Subsidary Ledgers and Special Journals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A control account is a general ledger account that summarizes subsidiary ledger data. Its purpose is to keep the general ledger free of details, yet have the correct balance for the financial statements. The two general ledger accounts that may act as control accounts for a subsidiary ledger includes accounts receivable subsidiary ledger and accounts payable subsidiary ledger. The accounts receivable subsidiary ledger collects transaction data of individual customers. The accounts payable subsidiary ledger collects transaction data of individual creditors. The advantages of using subsidiary ledgers includes, they show in a single account transactions affecting one customer or one creditor, providing up-to-date information on specific account balances. They free the general ledger of excessive details. They help locate errors in individual accounts by reducing the number of accounts in one ledger and by using control accounts.

The Hope Of A Better Place †Creative Writing Essay

The Hope Of A Better Place – Creative Writing Essay Free Online Research Papers The Hope Of A Better Place Creative Writing Essay Have you ever looked into the skies at night and just wondered what was out there? If there were other races, just trying to live as best they could, or others, trying to claim every planet available before someone ever could get a chance. Have you ever just wanted to leave this planet, in hopes to find something better? All my life I’ve been interested with space and alien races, the stars and there planets. I’ve always wanted to fly around in space, experience zero gravity. To me, it gives me a sense of freedom, free from Earth. Free from everything. I’m sure by now, you’re wondering what I’m talking about. All I’m saying is that, some day, we will be able to do these kinds of things. Sometimes I will start thinking about the future, and I see it as a type of Star Trek, just not to that extent. Someday, not any time soon, but someday, we will get bored with our own system and will want to explore farther then we’ve ever done. NASA will build an interplanetary ship, instruct a crew, and launch them up in to the deep reaches of space, in hopes that we will find something useful. Now, I’m sure, by then, if we don’t change our ways soon, our beloved Earth will be lying on its death bed, just waiting, if it hasn’t died already. So I’m sure, NASA will be looking for another planet we will be able to live on. For most people, this will be a good thing, but the way I see it, I’m sure there will be some environmentalist protest groups trying to ban the whole thing: â€Å"We told you the planet needed to be saved, did you listen, no. Now you’re just going to find another, so you can trash it!† And then there are the religious groups: â€Å"Heathens, The Lord is never going to agree with this!† But, who knows, they might not have enough political power to really stop anything, so they might just take things into their own hands, like some protest groups did with the abortion clinic bombings. And of course there is the hippie group that doesn’t want other civilizations to be interfered with. And of course once this group is brought into the world, it will cause a political battle about â€Å"what a civilization consists of.† Could it be a planet full land animals, or must they have a spoken language, or some form of intelligence. And who are we to decide, â€Å"They’ll never be smart.† But once the debating and arguing are over, one of two decisions will be made: One, it loses all together and we can invade any planet we want regardless of who was there first, with the mind set: We need it, now! Or two, â€Å"Finders, Keepers,† if someone’s there, just find a different one. Now, if we do find a planet, it is occupied and we give our self’s permission to land there. Are we going to live with them, side by side? I doubt it. I’m reminded of the time Europe found America and completely dominated the new land, ridding it of the natives and converting the one’s they kept. Now, if what they say about history repeating it self is true. Then I sure we’ll kill off the weakly race of aliens, until we realize what we’ve done, and put them on the endangered species list, and put them on reservations with just enough room to build a casino on. That’s one thing humans are good at; messing thing up and fixing them at the last minute so it looks like they care. Then of course, there is the case that we might piss someone off. What if we take someone’s planet that looks empty, but turns out to be someone’s summer resort, like when the birds migrate south to warmer climates. And, of course, the owners of the planet come back and see we’ve just made our self’s at home thinking it’s in empty planet. Naturally, this will upset them just a bit, so they just start shooting with out asking questions. The media gets a hold of this and twists it around so it looks like they just came out of the red sky (or what ever color the new planets sky is) and just shot us up for the hell of it. Well the people of Earth will eat this up, because they believe everything on TV Research Papers on The Hope Of A Better Place - Creative Writing EssayBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Hockey Game19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionWhere Wild and West MeetCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Case Study Example Designing and monitoring are the essential factors that come under evaluation to make sure that they have come under performances in the most effective and productive manner in the strategic management process that leads to attainment of the organizational goals on whole (Stahl & Grigsby, 1992). In more detailed words, strategic management process involves designing and setting up overall objectives and guidelines of the organization in a broad-spectrum, create and constitute precise and explicit strategies, plan and carry out implementation of the designed strategies and make modifications if required based on the monitoring or supervision of the outcomes. However, the below diagram clearly defines the process of strategic management in a much more comprehensive way (Mockler, 2002). Amongst numerous organizations that exercise the processes of strategic management, Utica National is an organization that provides its customers with the insurance services and products and is one of the good models that practice the strategic management processes in an appropriate way. However, the course of actions that carries out the strategic management techniques would come under discussion in detail about how this organization employs such practices. Utica National is an insurance group that dates back to early twentieth century that comprises of several companies namely Utica Mutual Insurance Company and Graphic Arts Mutual Insurance Company came under establishment as its principal companies. Utica National (2011) has come under recognition for its devoted and committed services to the policyholders since time immemorial. In the recent times, the popularity of Utica National (2011) has grown so much that it comes in the top rankings in the insurance organizations of the country (A.M. Best Company, 2008). Moreover, they provide the customers with a wide range of insurance products that take account of commercial coverages, personal coverages,

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example As per definition, WOM refers to the process of oral communication between two individuals where the individuals increasingly communicate important values or related information pertaining to a particular category or brand. The advantage of WOM over standards methods of advertising is that the WOM marketing happens mostly through the process of communication of two individuals at a significantly lower price as compared to that of advertising. The word of mouth marketing has significantly high level of benefits on the development of the brand value for the product as well as the company2. For globally renowned Fiskars, it can be said that the company can leverage a lot of advantage out of the word of mouth marketing technique by maintaining high end quality for its products as well as introducing innovativeness in the product design. A vital point is that though the company’s product mostly falls under the consumer durables category, it increasingly caters to three business areas like the home division, the garden division and the outdoor division. The products especially for the outdoor division are extremely critical in nature and needs supreme durability and consistency in quality. As a matter of fact, a highly reputed brand that provides consistent quality will automatically lead to higher sales especially for this division, if accompanied by the consumer driven word of mouth marketing tool3. There are significant steps that have to be followed by the company, in order prevent negative impact due to the word of mouth marketing for the company’s products. A very important factor is the fact that the company needs to secure its distribution network across the global markets in the wake of various fluctuating scenarios of macro economic conditions. The company also needs to secure the flow of various raw materials

Crime-free Children Today Essay Example for Free

Crime-free Children Today Essay Open a newspaper or switch on the radio for news and you will no doubt see a number of horrifying crimes reported there murder, rape and robberies are no longer surprising or shocking news to the Indian citizens. But what can shock us is the fact that most, at least a third, of the crimes committed in a year are by youngsters below the age of 18. Juvenile delinquency is increasing rapidly. A large part of the world’s children are in India. Children are often perceived as the epitome of innocence and naivetà © by most people. But the phrase â€Å"child-like innocence† can no longer be used, because the adolescents are one of the most violent age categories in the world. There are many incidences of crimes committed by the adolescents these days. The number of juvenile court cases are increasing and the crimes become more horrifying by the minute. There are increasing evidences of road rages, crimes against women, violence in school etc. all committed by teenagers. Parents and others involved in a child’s life are equally responsible for the child’s hostile behavior. The amount of violence in the adolescent’s day-to-day life plays a large role in this issue, too. The child’s guardians have to take time to understand this complex problem and try to solve it; but what most of the Indian parents do is say to themselves, â€Å"He/she will grow out of it,† and simply avoid the issue, hoping it is just a phase. But this ignorant way of treating the problem is the start of a life-long trouble that will not only affect the family, but also the society, because in most of the cases of aggressive juvenile violence, the adolescent grows to be a criminal, thus delaying the development and progress of the nation.  The family does not bother to think of what may be the cause of the child’s behavior. Violent mannerisms in children can include a wide range of behaviors: explosive temper tantrums, physical aggression, fighting, bullying, homicidal thoughts, use of weaponry, cruelty towards animals, destruction of property etc. Most of this is caused by the problematic upbringing of the child – parents who pamper and spoil their children or agree to the child’s tantrums are endangering the child’s future. The television and the media can also increase a child’s violent tendencies. A child tends to imitate what he observes and this is a huge problem in India, because Indian cinema often has its heroes resort to violence to bring down their opponents. This makes the child think that using assault and bloodshed to achieve one’s needs is fine. Video games lessen the child’s value for a human life, as most of them involve killing animated characters. Being a victim of sexual abuse, presence of firearms in the house and even head injuries during childhood can cause adolescent violence. Remember, violence always leads to violence. Now that most of the people and the Government of India are starting to recognize and address this issue, solutions have to be found and made accessible to the citizens. Parents have to look out for signs of intense anger, impulsiveness, irritability and cruelty in children and look for the reason. Feelings of revenge and vengeance should be discouraged; tell them what the Father of our Nation once said, â€Å"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.† Make it clear to them that violence does not solve anything. Only clearheaded thinking can lead to good results. The amount of violence that the child is exposed to through media has to be restricted, but the media can also help by raising awareness and to show the children the adverse affects of violence. Developing a reading habit is also highly helpful in curbing a child’s hostility. Family conflicts, problems in school, discrimination by other children etc. should be found out and solved. Parents should not hesitate to consult a psychiatrist if necessary. Making the adolescent part of the Indian population is necessary because only calm and responsible children can grow into stable, responsible, patriotic citizens in the future. We should remember that it is the youth that will shape our country’s future. Every child is bright in his or her own way and it is the duty of the adults to keep the light burning, for the next generation will fulfill the dreams of our great leaders and lead our  nation to its victorious destiny only if our society is united, strong and nonviolent. Teach the children to follow the Mahatma’s policy, the motto that toppled the British, the strongest invading force of the past century: nonviolence.

Essay on Edgars role in King Lear, Act 3, Scene 4 -- King Lear essays

Edgar's role in King Lear, Act 3, Scene 4 In Act 3, Scene 4, Edgar takes on the roles of a madman, and a spirit. In counterfeiting madness, he not only hides from an unjust death, but also serves as a character that resembles King Lear: (1) Both are deceived by family; (2) Both are outcasts of Gloucester's castle; (3) Both are threatened with death; and (4) Both enter into a form of madness. But, whereas King Lear actually becomes mad, Edgar only feigns madness. As Edgar takes the role of a "spirit" (3.4.39), he reveals: (1) Edmund's moral condition, by prescribing moral laws that he will break (3.4.80-83); and (2) that Gloucester will be blinded by Edmund (3.4.117). This essay will begin by examining how Edgar's role, as an outcast feigning madness, resembles the life and fate of King Lear, and then will show how his role as a spirit, reveals future events that will come to pass. Edgar's role, as an outcast and madman, corresponds to King Lear in four ways: (1) they both are deceived by family. Edgar is deceived by his half brother, and King Lear is deceived by two of his daughters. Edgar babbles about how Edmund deceived him: "Who gives anything to Poor Tom? whom the foul fiend hath led through fire and through flame" (3.4.51-52), and reveals his plan "to kill [the] vermin" (3.4.51-52). And by calling Edmund a "foul fiend" who had "course[d] his own shadow for a traitor" (3.4.57-58), he parallels Edmund with a devil, which is trying to make him commit suicide by laying "knives under his pillow" (3.4.54). And because King Lear's madness begins to be revealed after realizing that he'd been fooled by his daughters (2.4.273-286), he asks Edgar if he became mad due to daughters too (3.4.49-50). (2) The... ...hom] squinies the eye" (3.4.115-117). These lines suggests that Edmund, the foul fiend, will cause someone's eye to squint. And it's only a couple scenes later that Gloucester's eyes are blinded because of Edmund's report to Cornwall. Thus Edgar's lines in this scene are prophetic and further his role as a spirit. This small essay only touches on some of the important lines that fulfill Edgar's roles as a spirit and an exiled madman in Act 3, Scene 4. His lines are hard to follow and are meaningless at times because he's pretending to be mad. It's not until the play is over that Edgar's wisdom and insight can be understood in this scene. As a madman, his role foreshadows King Lear's fate, and as a spirit, he is able to predict Edmund's moral condition. By counterfeiting madness, Edgar's wisdom and insight are shown, and Edmund's corruption is exposed.

Why Npv Is the Best Method for Project Appraisal

A rational capital budgeting functionality should answer two major questions. First is that, whether one particular project is a good one? Second, if we get more than one available project opportunities, but we should choose only one of them, which one should be that â€Å"one†? In real life we very frequently come across with question like whether to pick up a lump some payment of retirement account accumulated during years or receiving monthly retirement pensions until the rest of our life. In this case, NPV is the most appropriate answer out of two or three most widely used techniques in capital decision making.While doing so we also should keep in mind two major features of NPV: 1) in monetary terms, NPV is the difference between today’s market value of the investment and its original cost. 2) a financial manager should always act on behalf of the interests of shareholders through distinguishing and picking up projects with positive NPV, since it’s very clear that the ultimate target of any investment is the maximization of owners’ wealth. Another major characteristic of NPV is that they cannot be straightforwardly originated in the market, so they need to be estimated.Since there’s always the possibility of a poor estimation, financial managers need to use a number of other criterions for project evaluation for additional information regarding whether or not an investment has a positive NPV indeed. (fundamentals corporate finance) Internal rate of return and payback period are the major evaluation tools used by supervisors as an alternative to NPV. It might be feasible to use mentioned methods during evaluation process as well, however each of these methods has very significant shortcomings.For example: Major drawback of IRR is that it states the result in terms of percentage rather than through monetary amounts (variances in scale). Comparison through only percentage results while considering the overall purpose of maxim ization of shareholders’ wealth can be a misleading approach during evaluating investments. (Atrill/McLnaey) Then when assessing mutually exclusive projects IRR rule can lead to an incorrect decision making, due to its reinvestment assumptions. The assumption of reinvestment of proceeds derived from the project supports the consideration of superiority of NPV over IRR.According to the assumption if NPV is accepted then the cash flows derived from the project could be reinvested maximum as the cost of capital. But IRR assumes that all cash flows from the investment can be reinvested with the same IRR of the original project. Theory states that, a firm should take all projects which a return that exceeds the cost of capital but any other available funds could only be reinvested at the cost of capital and this assumption is consistent with NPV approach mentioned. drury) Major shortcomings of payback period can be concluded as 1) ignorance of cash flows beyond the payback period, 2) its failure to contribute to the owners’ wealth while it underlines taking projects that recover original costs most quickly and 3) its ignorance of time factor. For instance: If one borrows a student loan which has a payback period of 13 years, the full amount of the loan is due 13 years after the first payment, which occurs on an agreed-upon date. Over the course of the payback period, a borrower must either pay back the loan with his own finance take out a different loan to pay off the first.As a conclusion I would like to stress that, during project evaluation two essential facts should be considered thorugh a well-grounded method of assessment. The first one is the rule â€Å"cash is the king† (cash can be invested anyway or another when it’s available) and the second one is the time value of money. This suports the fact that the money is to be invested immediately where it could result in capital gain and. Then since purchasing power diminishes year by year due, the most correct method of the capital budgeting is the one that combines both the risk,inflation and time factors such as NPV. (management acc for business decisions)

The Greek Philosophers And The Philosophers - 1422 Words

The Greek philosophers did not explain the world using Gods. Instead, they preferred to explain the world using principles. These principles were fundamental in how the philosophers taught their students. Three philosophers, Plato, Epicures, and Aristotle, used different principles to help them explain the world and the universe around them. In this essay, the principles of these three philosophers will be explained and then compared with each other. When the philosophers spoke of principles, they were referring to what connects everything together or what makes everything the same. The philosophers wanted to be able to explain the universe using these principles. Philosophers came up with their own basic principles that they thought†¦show more content†¦And this they must do, even with the prospect of death†(Cave 2). It is clear in this quote how important Plato thought the understanding of philosophy and the soul was. To imply that it is important enough to understand these ideas that it would be worth it to go back into the cave just to teach this to someone else shows how devoted he was to this principle. He also believed in immortality of the soul and the idea that our souls exist before our births, which he spoke about in many of his writings. He believed that souls exist in three parts; a rational part that wants to know the truth, a spirited part that wants honor and victory, and an appetitive part which wa nts food, drink and sex (1). Along with this idea, he believed that souls are reincarnated into different life forms (1). In conclusion, Plato focuses on the intellect and the soul to explain the universe. Epicurus was a philosopher from about 341 – 270 BC. Epicurus believed that everything in the universe was made of atoms. He is the first philosopher we have studied that tried to break things down as current scientists do. He looks at atoms and how they interact just as modern physicists and chemists do. He believed that everything, everything physical and everything non physical things such as hearing, which he explains is when atoms bounce off of something that makes noise, sight, he explains as atoms flowing out of an object,Show MoreRelatedThe Famous Greek Philosopher And The Best Greek Philosophers906 Words   |  4 Pages　　Socrates was known as one of the best Greek philosophers born in Athens in 469 BC. He wasn’t one to keep his legacy alive by physically writing it down. Socrates was a verbal philosopher who taught orally. He always had questions beyond questions for anyone and everyone who he crossed paths with. He was a curious person and his cu riosity is what lead him to become the great philosopher he is known by today. 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